Private Pilot Flight Training and Instruction Flight Training Article Library | Back To 4VFR.COM Prevention of taxiing problems --Communicate --Use airport diagram --Get ATC help early --When in doubt, verify Incursions The pilot is likely to be guilty of an incursion by not holding short or of entering a runway without a clearance. Wisest to ask ATC if you have any taxiing doubts. The causes of incursions are likely to be lack of familiarity with the airport and ATC procedures. The FAA only counts incursions that occur at controlled airports. At unfamiliar airport's ground operations can be the most demanding and complex phase of flying. Factors: --Communications --Airport knowledge --Procedures and orientation --Visibility Prevention 1. Never assume or it will make an ass out of u and me. 2. Readback all ground instructions verbatim. 3. Stick to business until shutdown. 4. Scan outside the cockpit 5. Ask for help sooner than later. 6. Use your lights 7. Use and listen to the radio. 8. Use standard procedures. Written by Gene Whitt Flight Training Article Library | Back To 4VFR.COM